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A B
C D E
F G H
I J K
L M N
O P Q
R S T
U V W
X Y Z
Early Intervention Program
A program specially designed to assist developmentally delayed infants and
preschool children with the purpose of this type of program is to help prevent
problems as the child matures.
Echolalia
The repetition of what other people say as if echoing them; characteristic of
some children with delayed development, autism, and communication disorders.
Educational Consultant/Diagnostician
An individual who may be familiar with school curriculum and requirements at
various grade levels: may or may not have a background in learning disabilities;
typically conducts educational assessments and evaluations.
Educational Evaluation
One of the components necessary to determine whether a child is eligible for
special education services. The evaluation typically consists of a battery of
tests, classroom observations and analysis of class work designed to determine
the current levels of achievement in academic and behavioral areas.
Educational Psychologist
See School Psychologist.
Educational Therapist
Professional who assesses, develops, and implements appropriate remedial
programs for learning and behavior problems.
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
A graphic recording of electrical currents developed in the cerebral cortex
during brain functioning; a machine called an electroencephalograph records the
pattern of these electrical currents on paper.
Eligibility
The determination of whether a child has a disability and is eligible for
special services.
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain; may cause permanent damage to the central nervous
system and mental retardation.
Encoding
The process of expressing language.
Encopresis
A lack of bowel control that may also have psychological causes.
Endogenous
An inherited cause of a disability or impairment.
Enrichment
Providing a child with extra and more sophisticated learning experiences than
those normally presented in the curriculum.
Enuresis
A lack of bladder control that may also have psychological causes.
Epilepsy
A condition marked by chronic and repeated seizures, disturbances of movement,
sensation, behavior, and/or consciousness caused by abnormal electrical
activity in the brain; can usually be controlled with medication, although the
drugs may have undesirable side effects.
Equal Protection Under the Law
Legal concept included in the 14th Amendment to the Constitution of the United
States, stipulating that no state may deny any person equality or liberty
because of that person’s classification according to race, nationality, or
religion. Several major court cases leading to the passage of the Individuals
with Disabilities Education Act found that children with disabilities were not
provided with equal protection if they were denied access to an appropriate
education solely because of their exceptionality.
Error Analysis
The process whereby a student’s errors on academic work may be analyzed in order
to identify the level of the student’s understanding of the problem for further
instruction.
Ethnocentrism
The view that the practices of one’s own culture are natural and correct, while
perceiving the practices of other cultures as odd, amusing, inferior, and/or
immoral.
Etiology
The cause(s) of a disability, impairment, or disease; may include genetic,
physiological, environmental or psychological factors.
Evoked-Response Audiometry
A method of testing hearing by measuring the electrical activity generated by
the auditory nerve in response to auditory stimulation; often used to measure
the hearing of infants and children considered difficult to test.
Exceptional Children
Children whose academic performance shows significant discrepancy between
ability and achievement and as a result require special instruction, assistance,
and/or equipment.
Exclusionary Criteria
An aspect of the legal definition of learning disabilities that suggests that a
learning disability cannot be a result of any known disabling condition.
Executive Function
A term used by cognitive psychologists to describe a person’s thinking about
his/her learning process (metacognition).
Exogenous
Refers to a cause of a disability or impairment that stems from factors outside
the body such as disease, toxicity, or injury.
Expressive Language
Communication through writing, speaking, and/or gestures.
Extinction
A procedure in which reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior is
withheld; if the actual reinforcers that are maintaining the behavior are
identified and withheld, the behavior will gradually decrease in frequency
until it no longer, or seldom, occurs.
Eye-Hand Coordination
The ability of the eyes and hands to work together to complete a task.
*See
Reference Information
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