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Rate of Behavior
A measure of how often a particular action is performed; usually reported as the
number of responses per minute. Also referred to as Frequency of Behavior.
Rationalization
The interpretation of one’s own behavior so as to conceal the motive it
expresses by assigning the behavior to another motive.
Reaction Formation
A complete disguise of a motive that it is expressed in a form that is directly
opposite to its original intent.
Readiness
Acquisition of skills considered prerequisite for academic learning.
Reasoning Ability
Broad term that refers to nonverbal, deductive, inductive, or analytical
thinking.
Receptive Language
Language that is spoken or written by others and received by the individual
(listening and reading).
Reciprocal Teaching
A metacognitive instructional method that requires students to complete four
steps during a lesson, including predicting, questioning, summarizing and
clarifying.
Refraction
The bending or deflection of light rays from a straight path as they pass from
one medium (air) into another (the eye); used by eye specialists in assessing
and correcting vision.
Regression-Based Discrepancy
Calculation of an ability-achievement discrepancy based on standard score
comparisons that take into account the mathematical phenomenon of regression to
the mean.
Regrouping
In arithmetic, the processes traditionally known as "carrying" in
addition or "borrowing" in subtraction.
Regular Education
All education not included under special education; also called General
Education.
Regular Education Initiative (REI)
A position advocated by some special educators that students with disabilities
can and should be educated in regular classrooms under the primary
responsibility of the general education teacher.
Rehabilitation
A social service program designed to teach a newly disabled person basic skills
needed for independence.
Rehabilitation Act of 1973
A federal law, the act prohibits discrimination on the basis of physical or
mental handicap in all federally-assisted programs. Section 504 of the act
stipulates that handicapped people are entitled to: the same rights and benefits
as nonhandicapped applicants and employees, all medical services and
medically-related instruction available to the public, participate in all social
service programs receiving federal assistance on an equal basis with
nonhandicapped persons, and an appropriate elementary and secondary education
for physically or mentally handicapped children.
Related Services
Developmental, corrective, and other supportive services required for a child
with disabilities to benefit from special education including: special
transportation services, speech and language pathology, audiology, psychological
services, physical and occupational therapy, school health services, counseling
and medical services for diagnostic and evaluation purposes, rehabilitation
counseling, social work services, and parent counseling and training.
Remediation
Process in which an individual is provided instruction and practice in skills
which are weak or nonexistent in an effort to develop/strengthen these skills.
Repression
The psychological process involved in not permitting memories and motives to
enter consciousness though they are operating at an unconscious level.
Residual Hearing
The remaining hearing, however slight, of a person who is deaf.
Resource Room
Classroom in which special education students spend part of the school day and
receive individualized special education services.
Resource Teacher
A specialist who works with handicapped students for part of the school day; may
also act as a consultant to other teachers.
Respite Care
The temporary care of a person with a disability.
Response Cards
Cards, signs, or items that are simultaneously held up by all students to
display their response to a question or problem presented by the teacher;
response cards enable every student in the class to respond to each question or
item.
Response Cost
A procedure for reducing the frequency of inappropriate behavior by withdrawing
a specific amount of reinforcement contingent upon occurrence of the behavior.
Retina
A sheet of nerve tissue at the back of the eye on which an image is focused.
Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP)
An eye disease in which the retina gradually degenerates and atrophies, causing
the field of vision to become progressively more narrow.
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)
A condition characterized by an abnormally dense growth of blood vessels and
scar tissue in the eye, often causing visual field loss and retinal detachment.
Usually caused by high levels of oxygen administered to premature infants in
incubators. Also called Retrolental Fibroplasia (RLF).
Retrieval
The ability to retrieve information that has been stored in long-term memory.
Retrolental Fibroplasia (RLF)
See Retinopathy of Prematurity.
Reversals
Difficulty in reading or reproducing letters alone, letters in words, or words
in sentences in their proper position in space or in proper order; may also
refer to reversal of mathematical concepts and symbols; also called
Transposition.
Reye’s Syndrome
A relatively rare disease that appears to be related to a variety of viral
infections; most common in children over the age of six. About 30% of children
who contract it die; survivors sometimes show signs of neurological damage and
mental retardation. The cause is unknown, although some studies have found an
increased risk after the use of aspirin during a viral illness.
Rh Incompatibility
A blood condition in which the fetus has Rh positive blood and the mother has Rh
negative blood leading to a buildup of antibodies that attack the fetus. If
untreated, can result in birth defects.
Rheumatic Fever
A disease characterized by acute inflammation of the joints, fever, skin rash,
nosebleeds, and abdominal pain. This disease often damages the heart by scarring
its tissues and valves.
Rigidity
A type of cerebral palsy characterized by increased muscle tone, minimal muscle
elasticity, and little or no stretch reflex.
Ritalin
Trade name for one of several stimulant drugs often given to modify
hyperactivity in children.
Rorschach Test
An unstructured psychological test in which the individual is asked to project
responses to a series of ten inkblots.
Rubella
German measles; when contracted by a woman during the first trimester of
pregnancy, may cause visual impairments, hearing impairments, mental
retardation, and/or other congenital impairments in the child.
Rubric
An assessment tool that lists the criteria for a specific piece of work.
*See
Reference Information
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